Winograd and Flores suggested that rather than working towards artificial intelligence, we should focus on designing computers as tools that “ exploit as strengths precisely those aspects of computational models that render artificial intelligence impossible.” They place importance on using their knowledge to create a positive direction for new media tool design to move in. They turn away from machine understanding and towards machine support. Winograd and Flores also advocate “ontological design” which looks to the basic human communications underway in any situation. They claim that a computer is “a machine that provides new ways for people to communicate with other people.” I liked the way, in this essay, that the authors provided an example to assist the reader’s understanding, as well as the way that new design tools were called modifications of the conversation structure.
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